day-08

Day – 08 (आठवां दिन)

Noun & Pronouns

Noun एवं Pronoun के विषय में हमने Basic जानकारी Day-02 में ले ली है । Articles   के सही उपयोग हेतु हमें Nouns एवं Pronouns का विस्तार से अध्ययन करना आवश्यक है । Nouns के अनेक होते है  जिन्हे निम्न Charts की सहायता से समझा जा सकता है ।

(A)Proper Nouns & Common Nouns -

CHART-2

(B)  Countable Nouns & Uncountable Nouns

CHART-3

(C)   Noun referring genders -

CHART-4

Pronouns

Pronouns are noun replacing words.

संज्ञा के स्थान पर प्रयुक्त होने वाले शब्दों को सर्वनाम कहा जाता है ।

निम्न वाक्य

Rajesh is here. Rajesh is very helping.

को

Rajesh is here. He is very helping.

लिखना बेहतर है क्योंकि इसमें Noun Rajesh की पुनरावृत्ति नहीं हो रही है ।

Types of Pronouns –

(1) Personal

(2) Possessive

(3) Relative

(4) Reflexive

(5) Emphatic.

इस अध्याय में हम केवल Personal Pronouns की चर्चा करेंगें ।

All  pronouns stand for three persons.

First Person –

The person speaking – I, me we, us.

जो व्यक्ति बात कर रहा/रहें है ।

Second Person –

The person spoken to – you, yours

जिस व्यक्ति/जिन व्यकित्यों से बात की जा रही है ।

Third Person –

The person spoken of – he, she, it, they.

जिन व्यक्ति/व्यक्तियों के विषय में बात हो रही है ।

Personal Pronoun का उपयोग निम्न तीन रुप में हो सकता है -

(A)  Nominative Case

(B)   Objective Case

(C)   Possessive Case

(A)  Nominative Case –

When a pronoun is used as the subject of the verb, it is said to be in the nominative case.

जब Pronoun क्रिया के Object के रुप में उपयोग में लाया जाता है इसे Nominative Case कहते हैं ।

She (Radha) gave me(Alka) your(Laxmi’s) book.

Who gave me your book? का उत्तर – she  है अतः यह Nominative Case है ।

Examples -

I am a teacher.

He is an engineer.

She is a housewife.

You are a doctor.

You are students.

We are Indians.

They are players.

It is a blackboard.

यहां I, he, she, you, we, they आदि Pronouns हैं ।

ज्यादातर उपयोग में आने वाले Pronouns  है – I, we, you, he, she, it, they. व्यक्तियों के लिए इनका उपयोग किया जाता है अतः इन्हें Personal Pronouns कहा जाता है । I, you, he, she एवं it* एक वचन संज्ञा के लिए प्रयुक्त होते हैं अतः ये Singular Personal Pronouns एवं you, we, they बहुवचन संज्ञा के लिए प्रयक्त होते हैं अतः ये Plural Personal Pronouns कहलाते हैं ।  You का उपयोग Singular एवं Plural दोनों तरीके के Pronouns के लिए किया जाता है ।

*Pronoun it का प्रयुक्त होता है –

(1) निर्जिव वस्तुओं के लिए

          It is a pen.

(2) जानवरों के लिए –

                 There is a black dog. It is very cute.

(3) छोटे बच्चे के लिए –

                 There is a baby in the cradle. It is very fair.

(4) किसी कथन को कहने के लिए –

                 Work is worship. It is true. 

(5) समय या ऋतु बताने के लिए –

                 It is 10 o’clock.

                 It is cold today.

                 It is winter.

(B)   Objective Case –

When a pronoun is used as the object of the verb, it is said to be in the objective case

जब Pronoun क्रिया के Object के रुप में उपयोग में लाया जाता है इसे Objective Case कहते हैं ।

She (Radha) gave me(Alka) your(Laxmi’s) book.

Whom did she give the book to? का उत्तर – me  है अतः यह Objective Case है ।

(C)   Possessive case –

When a pronoun denotes possession, it is said to be in the possessive case.

जब possession को Pronoun के व्दारा दर्शाया जाता है तब इसे Objective Case कहते हैं ।

She (Radha) gave me your(Laxmi’s) book.

Whose pen? का उत्तर – yours है अतः यह Possessive Case है ।

Examples – mine, his, theirs, ours, yours, hers and its.

That house is theirs.

This suitcase is yours.

She is your sister.

This is my pen.

That is his book.

Mrs Neerja is her mother.

This is our house.

निम्न तालिका में तीनों प्रकार के personal pronouns अंकित किया गया है –

TABLE-5

SINGULAR			PLURAL
Nominative	Objective	Possessive	Nominative	Objective	Possessive
I	me	my	we	us	our
you	you	your	you	you	your
he	him	his	they	them	their
she	her	her
it	it	its

अभ्यास क्रमांक 8

अब तक आपने जो भी State Verb Sentences बनाये हैं निम्न प्रकार से एक तालिका तैयार करके उसमें Subject, Predicate, Object, Noun, Noun Type, Pronoun, Pronoun Type, State Verb, State Verb Form (Present/Past), Main Verb का उल्लेख किजीए एवं OALD से मिलान करके अपने उत्तरों की सत्यता की जांच कीजीए -

Subject

Predicate

Object

Noun

Noun Type

Pronoun

Pronoun Type

State Verb

State Verb Form

Main Verb

आठवें दिन के अध्यापन का समापन निम्न टिप्पणी के साथ –

(1)   Nouns एवं Pronouns के विभिन्न प्रकार सीखे ।