Day-03 (तीसरा दिन)
Start Making Sentences
Day-02 में क्रिया की प्रकृति के अनुसार वाक्यों के दो प्रकार - State Verb & Action Verb Sentences एवं उनके अन्तर का अध्ययन किया गया । इस UNIT में हम State Verb Sentences एवं Sounds of English सीखेगें । Action Verb Sentence का अध्यापन अगले भाग से प्रारंभ करेंगें । State Verb Sentences को समझने हेतु पहले State Verbs को समझना आवश्यक है ।
परिभाषा-03(a) – State Verb
A state verb is a word which shows the state of the subject.
Subject की स्थिति दर्शाने वाले क्रिया शब्द को State Verb (StVb) कहते हैं ।
State Verb केवल 5 होते हैं – is, am, are, was और were.
इनके उपयोग हेतु केवल निम्न दो बिन्दु समझ लेना पर्याप्त है –
यदि Subject के Present Status के बारे में बताना है तो is, am या are का उपयोग किया जाता है एवं यदि Subject के Past Status के बारे में बताना है तो was, या were का उपयोग किया जाता है -
Sachin is a cricket-player. Sheela is a teacher. I am an Indian. We are human-beings. Raj and Kishore are students. Chandan was a businessman. Raj and Kishore were friends. |
Subject यदि Singular Noun/Uncountable Noun है तो is, am या was का उपयोग किया जाता है एवं Subject यदि Plural Noun है तो are या were का उपयोग किया जाता है -
India is a country. Milk is white. I am an Indian. Chandan was a businessman. Raj and Kishore are students. Raj and Kishore were friends. |
नोट- Noun के दो प्रकार होते हैं – Countable & Uncountable. Noun यदि Countable है तो Singular होगा या Plural होगा । Singular Countable Noun के साथ State Verb is/am/was का उपयोग किया जाता है एवं Plural Countable Noun के साथ State Verb are/were का उपयोग किया जाता है जबकि Uncountable Noun के साथ State Verb- is का उपयोग किया जाता है ।
Use of pronouns in place of nouns-
उपरोक्त State Verb Sentences में nouns (Sachin, Sheela, Raj & Kishore) के स्थान पर pronouns (he, she, they) का उपयोग करने पर वाक्य निम्न होंगे –
He is a cricket-player. She is a teacher. They are students. |
State Verb Sentences बनाने के उपर्युक्तानुसार दर्शाये गये सभी नियमों के एक TABLE में निम्नानुसार समाहित कर अध्ययन किया जा सकता है –
TABLE-1
Serial No. | Subject | Special Verb Applicable | Object |
Present /Past | |||
1 | He, She, It, Raj, Sheela | is/was | |
2 | I | am/was | (a) player(s). |
3 | You, We, They,Raj & Sheela | are/were |
उपरोक्त तालिका (Table-1) से निम्नानुसार 20 State Verb Sentences तैयार किए जा सकते हैं
1. He is a player.
2. She is a player.
3. Raj is a player.
4. Sheela is a player.
5. It is a picture.
6. I am a player.
7. You are a player.
8. We are players.
9. They are players.
10. Raj & Sheela are players.
11. He was a player.
12. She was a player.
13. It was a picture.
14. Raj was a player.
15. Sheela was a player.
16. I was a player.
17. You were players.
18. We were players.
19. They were players.
20. Raj & Sheela were players.
अब Object में player के स्थान पर teacher लेने पर उपर्युक्तानुसार अनेक सही State Verb Sentences स्वयं ही तैयार किया जा सकते हैं इस हेतु किसी की मदद की जरुरत नहीं है । इसी प्रकार Subject में परिवर्तित कर ऐसे असंख्य सही State Verb Sentences आसानी से तैयार कर न केवल अपने आत्मविश्वास में वृद्धि करेंगें अपितु आपका शब्दकोष भी क्रमशः विस्तृत होता जावेगा ।
Sample State Verb Sentence –
(A) Subject में Noun का उपयोग करके –
1. Mahatma Gandhi was a great person.
2. Indira Gandhi was a great leader.
3. Banglore is a green city.
4. The Ganga is a holy river.
5. The Himalayas are highest mountains.
(B) Subject में Pronoun का उपयोग करके –
1. My father is a businessman.
2. My brother is an engineer.
3. My mother is a teacher.
4. My sister is an artist.
5. I am a student.
6. He is a scientist.
7. You are a builder.
8. They are cricketer.
9. She is an architect.
10. It is a hot day.
जिस प्रकार State Verb Sentences बनाने के लिए केवल TABLE-0 का अध्ययन पर्याप्त है ठीक इसी प्रकार निम्नुसार एक FORMULA का निर्माण कर State Verb Sentences को और भी आसानी से तैयार किये जा सकते है –
SUBJECT + State Verb + OBJECT. (2)
Or
S + StVb + O.
(Noun/Pronoun) + (is/am/are/was/were) + (Noun/Pronoun/adjective)
यह FORMUAL वाक्य निर्माण के लिए आवश्यक FORMUAL - Subject + Predicate. (1) ही है । यहां Predicate – State Verb + OBJECT है ।
Final Definitions
Table-1 - Table-1 shows how to make State Verb Sentences using a table or Table-1 talks about State Verb Sentences.
Formula-2 – Formula-2 helps to make State Verb Sentences using a formula or Formula-0 talks about State Verb Sentences.
अभ्यास क्रमांक 3
उपर्युक्तानुसार 100 State Verb Sentences तैयार कीजिए जिसमें Subject और Object भिन्न-भिन्न हों ।
तीसरे दिन के अध्यापन का समापन निम्न टिप्पणी के साथ –
(1) State Verb Sentences तैयार करना सीखा ।
(2) State Verb and Main Verbs में अंतर सीखा ।
(3) Nouns, Pronouns, Singular, Plural, Uncountable में अंतर समझा ।
(4) Parts of Speech के तीन भाग Noun, Pronoun एवं Verb का उपयोग किया ।
(5) State Verb & Main Verb Sentences में अंतर समझा ।
(6) निम्न नये शब्दों को समझा एवं उनका उपयोग कर स्वयं के शब्दकोष में अंकित किया ।
अंग्रेजी शब्द | हिन्दी अर्थ | अंग्रेजी शब्द | हिन्दी अर्थ |
start | प्रारंभ | Engineer | अभियंता |
Is,am,are,was,were | क्रिया का रुप | Artist | कलाकार |
cricketer | क्रिकेट खिलाड़ी | Scientist | वैज्ञानिक |
teacher | शिक्षक | Builder | बनाने वाला |
student | छात्र | Architect | वास्तुकार |
businessman | व्यापारी | Hot | गर्म |
friend | मित्र | Day | दिन |
country | देश | Mother | माता |
Milk | दूध | Father | पिता |
white | सफेद | Brother | भाई |
leader | नेता | Sister | बहन |
(7) TABLE-1 एवं FORMULA-(2) का अध्ययन-मनन किया एवं उनके उपयोग से असंख्य State Verb Sentences का निर्माण किया ।
मैडम, फार्मूला से अंग्रेजी सीखने का नया तरीका है । मैंने अब बहुते सारे वाक्य बना लिये है । आपके तरीके से अंग्रेजी सीखना आसान है । आपको बहुत धन्यवाद । अंजली
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